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Education and Human Sciences

National Resources

Valuable resources about hidden populations are increasingly available. While we do not endorse the following, we do consider them to be quality options for campus decision makers, and professionals in higher education adjacent organizations.


  • Networks
  • Publications- Hidden Student Populations

    Ahmed, T., Ilieva, R. T., Shane, J., Reader, S., Aleong, C., Wong, H. Y., Chu, C., Brusche, D., Jiang, K., Lopez, D., & Yan, A. (2022). A developing crisis in hunger: Food insecurity within 3 public colleges before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2022.2026853

    Beisse, K., & Tyre, A. (2013). Caregiver involvement in the education of youth in foster care: An exploratory study. School Social Work Journal, 37(2), 1-20.

    Blakeslee, J. E., Powers, L. E., Geenen, S., Schmidt, J., Nelson, M., Fullerton, A., ... & Bryant, M. (2020). Evaluating the My Life self-determination model for older youth in foster care: Establishing efficacy and exploring moderation of response to intervention. Children and youth services review, 119, 105419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105419

    Broton, K. M. (2021). Poverty in American Higher Education: The Relationship Between Housing Insecurity and Academic Attainment. Journal of Postsecondary Student Success, 1(2), 18–45. https://doi.org/10.33009/fsop_jpss129147

    Broton, K. M., & Goldrick-Rab, S. (2018). Going without: An exploration of food and housing insecurity among undergraduates. Educational Researcher, 47(2), 121-133. https://rhyclearinghouse.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/document/32_Broton_2018.pdf

    Burton, A. L., Puddy, H., Hong, S., Burton, V. S., Jr., & Miller, W. T. (2024). College students’ attitudes toward denying admission to prospective students with criminal records. Journal of School Violence, 23(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2023.2269525

    Cage, J. (2018). Educational attainment for youth who were maltreated in adolescence: Investigating the influence of maltreatment type and foster care placement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.008

    Caskey, R., & Price-Williams, S. (2023). Serving the Underserved: Formerly Incarcerated Students and Support Services. Journal of College Academic Support Programs, 6(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.58997/fa1

    Castedo de Martell, S., Steiker, L. H., Springer, A., Jones, J., Eisenhart, E., Brown, H. S. (2022). The cost-effectiveness of collegiate recovery programs. Journal of American College Health, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.2024206

    Cavendish, W. (2014). Academic Attainment During Commitment and Postrelease Education–Related Outcomes of Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth With and Without Disabilities. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 22(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426612470516

    Chassman, S., Littman, D. M., Bender, K., Santa Maria, D., Shelton, J., Ferguson, K. M., Hsu, H-T., Narendorf, S. C., Barman-Adhikari, A., & Petering, R. (2020). Educational attainment among young adults experiencing homelessness in seven cities across the United States. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105676

    Clark, H. G., Mathur, S. R., & Jolivette, K. (2020). Divergent perspectives on educational research in juvenile justice. Journal of Correctional Education (1974-), 71(2), 20-36.

    Coakley, K. E., Cargas, S., Walsh-Dilley, M., & Mechler, H. (2022). Basic needs insecurities are associated with anxiety, depression, and poor health among university students in the state of New Mexico. Journal of Community Health, 47(3), 454-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-022-01073-9

    Courtney, M., Zinn., A., Johnson, H., & Malm, K. E. (2011). Educational and economic benefits found for foster youth in Massachusetts outreach program. https://www.chapinhall.org/research/educational-and-economic-benefits-found-for-foster-youth-in-massachusetts-outreach-program/

    Crosby, S. D., Somers, C. L., Day, A. G., Zammit, M., Shier, J. M., & Baroni, B. A. (2017). Examining school attachment, social support, and trauma symptomatology among court-involved, female students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 2539-2546.

    Cutuli, J. J., Desjardins, C. D., Herbers, J. E., Long, J. D., Heistad, D., Chan, C.-K., Hinz, E., & Masten, A. S. (2013). Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk. Child Development, 84(3), 841–857. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23469315

    Day, A. G., Smith, R. J. & Tajima, E. A. (2021). Stopping Out and Its Impact on College Graduation Among a Sample of Foster Care Alumni: A Joint Scale-Change Accelerated Failure Time Analysis. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 12(1), 11-39. https://doi.org/10.1086/712892

    Dembek, G. A., Lauterbach, M. D., & Datchuk, S. M. (2023). Creating an Adaptable Literacy Tutoring System for Elementary-Age Students in New York City Foster Care. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 37(3), 463-475. : https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2023.2220767

    Edwards, E. J. (2023). Hidden success: Learning from the counternarratives of high school graduates impacted by student homelessness. Urban Education, 58(4), 559-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085919877928

    Fries, L., Klein, S., & Ballantyne, M. (2016). Are foster children's schools of origin always best? School quality in birth vs. foster parent neighbourhoods. Child & Family Social Work, 21(3), 317-327.

    Geenen, S., Powers, L. E., Phillips, L. A., Nelson, M., McKenna, J., Winges-Yanez, N., ... & Swank, P. (2015). Better futures: A randomized field test of a model for supporting young people in foster care with mental health challenges to participate in higher education. The journal of behavioral health services & research, 42, 150-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-014-9451-6

    Geenen, S., Powers, L. E., Powers, J., Cunningham, M., McMahon, L., Nelson, M., ... & Research Consortium to Increase the Success of Youth in Foster Care. (2013). Experimental study of a self-determination intervention for youth in foster care. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 36(2), 84-95. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2165143412455431

    Geiger, J.M. & Okpych, N.J. (2021). Connected after Care: Youth characteristics, policy, and programs associated with postsecondary education and employment outcomes for youth with foster care histories. Child Maltreatment. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211034763

    Greeson, J. K. P., & Thompson, A. E. (2016). Development, Feasibility, and Piloting of a Novel Natural Mentoring Intervention for Older Youth in Foster Care. Journal of Social Service Research, 43(2), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2016.1248269

    Goldrick-Rab, S., Baker-Smith, C., Cordes, S. A., & Clark, K. (2024). Homelessness and Housing Insecurity Among Community College Students: A longitudinal evaluation of a housing choice voucher program. (Publication April 30, 2024). Education Northwest. https://educationnorthwest.org/sites/default/files/pdf/homelessness-among-ccstudents-report-508c.pdf

    Hail, T., & Kearney, K. S. (2023). Completing college after foster care: A retrospective lens. Hail, T., & Kearney, K. S. (2023). Completing college after foster care: A retrospective lens.International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 5(3), 571-604.

    Havlicek, J., Dworsky, A., & Gitlow, E. (2021). Using Research to Improve the Postsecondary Educational Outcomes of Community College Students in Foster Care. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago. https://www.chapinhall.org/research/foster-youth-not-receiving-needed-supports-from-community-colleges/

    Havlik, S., Duckhorn, M., Rohrer, S., & Rowley, P. (2021). From homeless to student housing: School counselor roles and experiences in preparing students experiencing homelessness for college. Professional School Counseling, 25(1), 2156759X211050412. https://rhyclearinghouse.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/document/Havlik_2021.pdf

    Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Supkoff, L. M., Heistad, D., Chan, C. K., Hinz, E., & Masten, A. S. (2012). Early reading skills and academic achievement trajectories of students facing poverty, homelessness, and high residential mobility. Educational Researcher, 41(9), 366-374. https://doi-org.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.3102/0013189X12445320

    Hirsch, R. A., Dierkhising, C. B., & Herz, D. C. (2018). Educational risk, recidivism, and service access among youth involved in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Children and youth services review, 85, 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.001

    Ho, T., & Rocheleau, G. C. (2020). A follow-up study on recidivism among adjudicated juveniles with special education in the juvenile correctional facility. Youth Justice, 20(3), 328-343.

    Hoffman-Cooper, A. E. (2021). From foster youth to foster scholar: Suggestions for emancipatory research practices. Children and Youth Services Review, 120, 105752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105752

    Houchins, D. E., Lambert, R. G., Henrich, C., & Gagnon, J. C. (2024). A Research-Based Literacy Instruction MTSS for Juvenile Correctional Facilities. Behavioral Disorders, 49(3), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/01987429231225633

    Hunter, A., Griller Clark, H., Mason-Williams, L., & Gagnon, J. C. (2022). Curriculum, instruction, and promoting college and career readiness for incarcerated youth: A literature review. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 92(4), 418. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000623

    Johnson, R. M., Strayhorn, T. L., & Parler, B. (2020). “I just want to be a regular kid:” A qualitative study of sense of belonging among high school youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104832.

    Kearney, K. S., Naifeh, Z., Hammer, T., & Cain, A. (2019). “Family” ties for foster alumni in college: An open systems consideration. Review of Higher Education, 42(2), 793-824. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2019.0015

    Kirk, C. M., Lewis, R. K., Nilsen, C., & Colvin, D. Q. (2013). Foster care and college: The educational aspirations and expectations of youth in the foster care system. Youth & Society, 45(3), 307-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118X11417734

    Kearney, K. S., Will, L, & Satterfield, J. W. (2019). Rendering the first-year experience: Experiences of successful foster alumni college students. Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 31(1), 95-115. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fyesit/fyesit/2019/00000031/00000002/art00006

    Kearney, K. S., Will, L. A., & Bailey, L. (under review, 2022). Revisioning "family": Considering the implications of voluntary kin for higher education practices. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice.

    Klein, L. B., Brewer, N. Q., Cloy, C., Lovern, H. M., Bangen, M., McLean, K., Voth Schrag, R., & Wood, L. (2023). Campus interpersonal violence survivor advocacy services. Journal of American College Health. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2209188

    Kornbluh, M., Wilking, J., Roll, S., & Donatello, R. (2022). Exploring housing insecurity in relation to student success. Journal of American College Health, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2022.2068016

    Kothari, B. H., Godlewski, B., Lipscomb, S. T., & Jaramillo, J. (2021). Educational resilience among youth in foster care. Psychology in the Schools, 58(5), 913-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22478

    LaCour, M., McGlawn, P., & Dees, L. (2016). Creating a positive classroom environment to meet the needs of the foster child. Education, 137(2), 141-148.

    Lenz-Rashid, S. (2018). An urban university campus support program for students from foster care: Services and outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 94, 180-185.

    Masten, A. S., Fiat, A. E., Labella, M. H., & Strack, R. A. (2015). Educating homeless and highly mobile students: Implications of research on risk and resilience. School Psychology Review, 44(3), 315-330. https://doi.org/10.17105/spr-15-0068.1

    Mathur, S. R., Griller Clark, H., & Gau, J. M. (2021). A Cross-Comparison Study of Reentry Intervention and Support for Engagement: Findings on Youth With Disabilities. Behavioral Disorders, 46(3), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0198742919886842

    Mechler, H., Coakley, K., Walsh-Dilley, M., & Cargas, S. (2021). Examining the relationship between food insecurity and academic performance: Implications for diversity and equity in higher education. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/15210251211053863

    Mihalec‐Adkins, B. P., & Cooley, M. E. (2020). Examining individual‐level academic risk and protective factors for foster youth: School engagement, behaviors, self‐esteem, and social skills. Child & Family Social Work, 25(2), 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12681

    Miller, P. M. (2011). A Critical Analysis of the Research on Student Homelessness. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 308–337. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23014295

    Mires, C. B., Lee, D. L., & McNaughton, D. (2018). “Every child that is a foster child is marked from the beginning”: The home-school communication experiences of foster parents of children with disabilities. Child abuse & neglect, 75, 61-72.

    Mountz, S., Capous-Desyllas, M., & Sevillano, L. (2020). Educational trajectories of youth formerly in foster care who are lgbtq: Before, during, and after emancipation. Child Welfare, 97(6), 77-99.

    Moya, E. M., Wagler, A., Ayala, J., Crouse, M., Garcia, A., & Schober, G. S. (2022). Analysis of food and housing insecurity among university students at a public Hispanic-serving institution. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 18(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2022.2077159

    Moya, E., & Chavez-Baray, S. (2021). Desempleo y Bienestar en Universitarios: Inseguridad Alimentaria. (Unemployment and wellbeing in University Students: food insecurity). In Pobreza y COVID-19: Miradas Latinoamericanas (Poverty & COVID-19: Latin American views) in Cuadernos Fronterizos UACJ. Dossier especial (special dossier). http://revistas.uacj.mx/ojs/index.php/cuadfront/issue/view/709

    Noonan, K., Matone, M., Zlotnik, S., Hernandez-Mekonnen, R., Watts, C., Rubin, D., & Mollen, C. (2012). Cross-system barriers to educational success for children in foster care: The front line perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(2), 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.11.006

    Pears, K. C., Kim, H. K., Fisher, P. A., & Yoerger, K. (2013). Early school engagement and late elementary outcomes for maltreated children in foster care. Developmental psychology, 49(12), 2201.

    Pears, K. C., Kim, H. K., Buchanan, R., & Fisher, P. A. (2015). Adverse Consequences of School Mobility for Children in Foster Care: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Child development, 86(4), 1210–1226. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12374

    Pears, K. C., Kim, H. K., & Leve, L. D. (2012). Girls in foster care: Risk and promotive factors for school adjustment across the transition to middle school. Children and youth services review, 34(1), 234-243. https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/pii/S0190740911003707?via%3Dihub

    Piel, M. H., Geiger, J. M., Schelbe, L., Day, A., & Kearney, K. S. (2019). Lessons learned from college support programs for students with a history of foster care. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 57(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2019.1644117

    Rios, S. J., & Rocco, T. S. (2014). From foster care to college: Barriers and supports on the road to postsecondary education. Emerging Adulthood, 2(3), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814526715

    Salazar, A. M., Haggerty, K. P., & Roe, S. S. (2016). Fostering higher education: A postsecondary access and retention intervention for youth with foster care experience. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 46-56. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740916302766

    Salazar, A. M., Spiers, S. S., Bennett, M., & Haggerty, K. P. (2023). Fostering Higher Education: Preliminary findings from a small randomized pilot study. Children and Youth Services Review, 150, 106991. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019074092300186X

    Samarah, E. M. S., Schelbe, L., & Jackson, L. (2023). A photovoice study of college students who have experienced foster care, relative care, and/or homelessness. Children and Youth Services Review, 151, 107042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107042

    Schroeter, M. K., Strolin-Goltzman, J., Suter, J., Werrbach, M., Hayden-West, K., Wilkins, Z., Gagnon, M., & Rock, J. (2015). Foster youth perceptions on educational well-being. Families in Society, 96(4), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2015.96.30

    Smith, R. L., Bannard, T., McDaniel, J., Aliev, F., Brown, A., Holliday, E., Vest, N., DeFrantz-Dufor, W., Recovery Science Research Collaborative, & Dick, D. M. (2024). COVID-19: An updated national longitudinal study. Addiction Research & Theory, 32(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2216459

    Smith, V. M. J., & Kearney, K. S. (2016). A qualitative exploration of the repatriation experiences of U.S. third culture kids at college. Journal of College Student Development, 57(8), 958-972. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0093

    Somers, C. L., Goutman, R. L., Day, A., Enright, O., Crosby, S., & Taussig, H. (2020). Academic achievement among a sample of youth in foster care: The role of school connectedness. Psychology in the Schools, 57(12), 1845-1863. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22433

    Steele, J. L., Bozick, R., & Davis, L. M. (2016). Education for incarcerated juveniles: A meta-analysis. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 21(2), 65-89. : https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2015.1133308

    Strolin-Goltzman, J., Woodhouse, V., Suter, J., & Werrbach, M. (2016). A mixed method study on educational well-being and resilience among youth in foster care. Children and youth services review, 70, 30-36.

    Tobin, K. J. (2016). Homeless students and academic achievement: Evidence from a large urban area. Urban Education, 51(2), 197-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085914543116

    Tyre, A. D. (2012). Educational supports for middle school youths involved in the foster care system. Children & Schools, 34(4), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cds009

    Verulava, T., Jorbenadze, R., Bedianashvili, G., & Dangadze, B. (2020). Challenges faced by youth aging out of foster care: homelessness, education, and employment. Euromentor Journal, 11(3), 104-116.

    Villagrana, K. M., Mody, E. H., Lawler, S. M., Wu, Q., & Ferguson, K. M. (2020). Educational outcomes for homeless young adults with and without a history in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105153. https://resources.rhyttac.org/sites/default/files/document/Villagrana_2020.pdf

    Wagler, A., Schober, G. S., Chavez-Baray, S. M., Ayala, J., Dessauer, P. R., & Moya, E. M. (2022). Food and housing security at a US Hispanic-Serving Institution: An examination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 918955. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.918955

    Walsh-Dilley, M., Coakley, K. E., Mechler, H., & Cargas, S. (2022). Understanding the double burden: a mixed method analysis of overlapping food and housing insecurity among college students at a minority serving institution. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2022.2130585

    Watt, T., Lord, K., Bustillos, S., Gavin-Williams, R., Greeson, J., Hail, T., & Hoffman-Cooper, A. (2023). Campus Liaisons for Students Who Have Experienced Foster Care: Lessons Learned from Texas Legislation. Children and Youth Services Review, 153, 107094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107094

    Wexler, J., Pyle, N., Flower, A., Williams, J. L., & Cole, H. (2014). A Synthesis of Academic Interventions for Incarcerated Adolescents. Review of Educational Research, 84(1), 3–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24434227

    Whitman, K. L., Espino, M. L., & Thompson, D. (2023). Foster (ing) youth in the California State University: Understanding the vital role of campus support programs. https://transformschools.ucla.edu/research/fostering-youth-in-the-california-state-university-understanding-the-vital-role-of-campus-support-programs/

    Zetlin, A., MacLeod, E., & Kimm, C. (2012). Beginning teacher challenges instructing students who are in foster care. Remedial and Special Education, 33(1), 4-13.

    Zetlin, A., Weinberg, L., & Shea, N. M. (2010). Caregivers, School Liaisons, and Agency Advocates Speak Out about the Educational Needs of Children and Youths in Foster Care. Social Work, 55(3), 245-54.

    Zinn, A., & Courtney, M. E. (2014). Context matters: Experimental evaluation of home-based tutoring for youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 47, 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.08.017

  • Journal Publications – Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

    Addie, N., Merians, Mischel, E., Frazier, P., & Lust, K. (2022). Relationships between childhood adversity and life functioning in US college students: Risk and resilience. Journal of American college health, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.2024205

    Colburn, A. R., Kremer, K. P., & Jackson, D. B. (2021). Early trauma and psychosocial outcomes among college students. Children and youth services review, 126, 106052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106052

    Cprek, S. E., Fisher, B. S., McDonald, M. J., McDaniel, H. M., Williamson, L., & Williams, C. M. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and interpersonal violence among college students: does a relationship exist?. Journal of American college health, 69(8), 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1715413

    Davies, E., Read, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021). The impact of adverse childhood experiences and recent life events on anxiety and quality of life in university students. Higher education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00774-

    Forster, M., Grigsby, T. J., Rogers, C. J., & Benjamin, S. M. (2018). The relationship between family-based adverse childhood experiences and substance use behaviors among a diverse sample of college students. Addictive behaviors, 76, 298-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.037

    Gresham, B., & Karatekin, C. (2022). The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in predicting academic problems among college students. Child Abuse & Neglect, 105595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105595

    Grigsby, T. J., Rogers, C. J., Albers, L. D., Benjamin, S. M., Lust, K., Eisenberg, M. E., & Forster, M. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences and health indicators in a young adult, college student sample: Differences by gender. International journal of behavioral medicine, 27, 660-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09913-5

    Grigsby, T. J., Schnarrs, P. W., Lunn, M. R., Benjamin, S. M., Lust, K., & Forster, M. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and past 30-day cigarette and E-cigarette use among sexual and gender minority college students. LGBT health, 8(6), 433-438.

    Hatton-Bowers, H., Lombardi, C. M., Kemp, B., Decker, K. B., Virmani, E. A., Brophy-Herb, H. E., & Vallotton, C. D. (2021). Risks and resources for college students’ mental health: ACEs, attachment, and mindfulness. Journal of American college health, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1942007

    Helminen, E. C., Scheer, J. R., Edwards, K. M., & Felver, J. C. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences exacerbate the association between day-to-day discrimination and mental health symptomatology in undergraduate students. Journal of affective disorders, 297, 338-347.

    Hinojosa, R., Nguyen, J., Sellers, K., & Elassar, H. (2019). Barriers to college success among students that experienced adverse childhood events. Journal of American college health, 67(6), 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1498851

    Hubel, G. S., Goodrum, N. M., & Sundstrom, B. L. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and sexual health among young adults: Examining the roles of regulatory focus and patient activation. Children and Youth Services Review, 127, 106131.

    Karatekin, C. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stress and mental health in college students. Stress and Health, 34(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2761

    Karatekin, C., & Ahluwalia, R. (2021). What do undergraduates with high levels of childhood adversity want to cope with stress?. Journal of clinical psychology, 77(1), 211-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23022

    Krinner, L. M., Warren-Findlow, J., & Bowling, J. (2020). The association between childhood adversity and self-rated physical health in US college students. American Journal of Health Promotion, 34(8), 894-900.

    Merians, A. N., Baker, M. R., Frazier, P., & Lust, K. (2019). Outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences in college students: Comparing latent class analysis and cumulative risk. Child Abuse & Neglect, 87, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.020

    Moore, S. M., Welsh, M. C., & Peterson, E. (2021). Childhood maltreatment predicts physical health in college students. Journal of American college health, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1909047

    Otero, C. (2021). Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and timely Bachelor’s degree attainment. Social Sciences, 10(2), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020044

    Pakdaman, S., Unger, J. B., Forster, M., Rogers, C. J., Sussman, S. Y., & Benjamin, S. M. (2021). Childhood trauma and prescription drug misuse in a college population. Substance use & misuse, 56(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1846056

    Schafer, E. S. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and risky behaviors in male college students. Journal of American college health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00311-3

    Seon, J., Cho, H., Choi, G. Y., Son, E., Allen, J., Nelson, A., & Kwon, I. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence victimization, and self-perceived health and depression among college students. Journal of family violence, 37(4), 691-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00286-1

    Seon, J., Cho, H., Han, J. B., Allen, J., Nelson, A., & Kwon, I. (2022). Help-seeking behaviors among college students who have experienced intimate partner violence and childhood adversity. Journal of family violence, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00311-3

    Smyth, J. M., Hockemeyer, J. R., Heron, K. E., Wonderlich, S. A., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Prevalence, type, disclosure, and severity of adverse life events in college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.57.1.69-76

    Sutton, T. E., Edwards, K. M., Siller, L., & Shorey, R. C. (2022). An exploration of factors that mediate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sexual assault victimization among LGBTQ+ college students. Child maltreatment, 27(4), 539-549. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211041970

    Taylor, D. L., Espeleta, H. C., Kraft, J. D., & Grant, D. M. (2021). Early childhood experiences and cognitive risk factors for anxiety symptoms among college students. Journal of American college health, 69(3), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1664552

    Watt, T. T., Hartfield, K., Kim, S., & Ceballos, N. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences contribute to race/ethnic differences in post-secondary academic performance among college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1947838

    Watt, T., Ceballos, N., Kim, S., Pan, X., & Sharma, S. (2020). The unique nature of depression and anxiety among college students with adverse childhood experiences. Journal of child & adolescent trauma, 13, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-019-00270-4

    Watt, T., Kim, S., Ceballos, N., & Norton, C. (2022). People who need people: the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health among college students. Journal of American college health, 70(4), 1265-1273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1791882

    Windle, M., Haardörfer, R., Getachew, B., Shah, J., Payne, J., Pillai, D., & Berg, C. J. (2018). A multivariate analysis of adverse childhood experiences and health behaviors and outcomes among college students. Journal of American college health, 66(4), 246-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1431892

  • Books

    Davis, L. M., Bozick, R., Steele, J. L., Saunders, J., & Miles, J. N. V. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of correctional education: A meta-analysis of programs that provide education to incarcerated adults. RAND Corporation.

    Ecke, L., & Stenslie, M. (2009). Flux. Foster Care Alumni of America.

    Schelbe, L. (2023). Some type of way. Oxford University Press.

  • Dissertations & Theses

    Brown, N.O. (2017). An exploratory study: Foster care students’ knowledge of college campus support programs [Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Georgia].

    Comer, T. (2024). Incarcerated to educated: The on-campus experiences of college students post incarceration. [Master’s thesis, Eastern Illinois University] Masters Theses, 5003.


    Elsheikh, W. (2020). Third culture kids (TCKs) and their sense of belonging on U.S. college campuses. [Master’s Thesis, Oregon State University].

    Hail, T. (2019). Foster care alumni after college: A retrospective. [Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University].

    Hernandez, J. L. (2019). You are about to witness the strength of street knowledge: How formerly incarcerated Latinx/a/o students transfer their knowledge acquired through their lived experiences to find success in higher education and build resiliency [Master’s Thesis, California State University].

    Herold, M. A. (2023). Student perceptions of the effectiveness of collegiate recovery programs and collegiate recovery communities. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley].

    Hoffman, D. E. (2020). Experiences of College Students in Addiction Recovery: A Critical Case Study. [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina].

    Leptic, M. (2023). How Collegiate Recovery Programs and Social Identity Changes Influence African American Students: A Case Study [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University].

    Lloyd, M. N. (2020). Centering equity for students with experience in foster care: Institutional gals and opportunities in the postsecondary educational landscape of Pennsylvania. [Doctoral dissertation, Point Park University].

    Lord, K. V. (2022). From foster care to university: An ethnography of academic challenges. [Master’s thesis, Texas State University].


    Tiller, L. (2023). Formation and sustainability of statewide networks of support for students experiencing foster care in higher education. [Unpublished dissertation]. The University of Georgia.

    Will, L. (2017). "What's up with Bubba?": A qualitative consideration of object meanings for foster alumni in college and recent foster alumni college graduates. [Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University].

  • Reports

    Aging Out Institute. (2018). Higher education foster youth programs 2018 review: A snapshot of services offered by colleges and universities to support foster youth. https://agingoutinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/AOI-2018-Higher-Ed-Foster-Care-Program-Survey-Report-20180508.pdf

    Burns, D., Espinoza, D., Adams, J., & Ondrasek, N. (2022). California’s students in foster care: Challenges and promising practices. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/media/3740/downloadinline&file=California_Foster_Youth_REPORT.pdf

    Bush-Mecenas, S., Gomez-Bendaña, H., Barnes-Proby, D., & Gates, S. M. (2023). Education and Child Welfare System Effort s to Improve Educationa l Outcomes for Youth in Foster Care. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA2300/RRA2373-1/RAND_RRA2373-1.pdf


    California College Pathways. (2015). Charting the course: Using data to support foster youth college success. https://www.cacollegepathways.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/charting_the_course_final.pdf

    CERES Institute. (2023). Exploring secondary and postsecondary attainment among juvenile justice-involved youth in Massachusetts. https://www.mass.gov/doc/exploring-secondarypostsecondary-attainment-among-juvenile-justice-involved-youth-in-ma-executive-summary/download

    Courtney, M. E., Okpych, N. J., Park, K., Harty, J., Feng, H., Torres-García, A., & Sayed, S. (2018). Findings from the California youth transitions to adulthood study (CalYOUTH): Conditions of youth at age 21. https://www.chapinhall.org/research/calyouth-wave4-report/


    Davis, N. S., Steiner, C. L., & Vaught, A. (2018). Foster youth success in college project. First Star Institute. https://www.firststarinstitute.org/_files/ugd/180cd3_1761be814820476190f09f786434ee2b.pdf

    Fathallah, S., & Sullivan, S. (2021). Away from home: Youth experiences of institutional placements in foster care. https://assets.websitefiles.com/60a6942819ce8053cefd0947/60f6b1eba474362514093f96_Away%20From%20Home%20-%20Report.pdf


    Feight, H., Bell, B., Conway, A., Turner, S., Naigus, N., & Powers, L. (2016). Helping Young Adults from Foster Care Succeed in College. Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Portland State University. https://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/proj-1-FUTURES-helping-young-adults-from-foster-care.pdf

    Garin, M. (2013). Outline to improve the postsecondary educational outcomes of students from foster care. Foster Care to Success. https://cdn.fc2success.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Outline-to-Improve-Postsecondary-Outcomes.pdf

    Ingram, E. S., Bridgeland, J. M., Reed, B., & Atwell, M. (2017). Hidden in Plain Sight: Homeless Students in America's Public Schools. Civic Enterprises. https://americaspromise.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/HiddeninPlainSightFullReportFINAL_0.pdf

    Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative. (2013). Cost Avoidance: The business case for investing in youth aging out of foster care. Annie E. Casey Foundation. https://assets.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/JCYOI-CostAvoidance-2013.pdf

    Lemon, M. (2020). Beating the odds: How can schools and districts support students experiencing homelessness? https://buildingchanges.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/SchoolhouseWA_BeatingtheOdds_2020.pdf

    Leone, P., & Weinberg, L. (2010). Addressing the unmet educational needs of children and youth in the juvenile justice and child welfare system. https://www.aecf.org/resources/addressing-the-unmet-educational-needs

    National Working Group on Foster Care and Education. (2018). Fostering success in education: National factsheet on the educational outcomes of children in foster care. https://fosteringchamps.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NationalEducationDatasheet2018-2.pdf

    Office of Planning, Research & Evaluation. (2020). Early care and education supports for young children experiencing homelessness. https://acf.gov/opre/report/early-care-and-education-supports-young-children-experiencing-homelessness

    School House Connection. (n.d.). “Working harder just to be seen and heard:” Barriers to financial aid for homelessness and foster youth. https://schoolhouseconnection.org/wp-content/uploads/imported-files/FAFSAReport_final.pdf

    The Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2019). Future savings: The economic potential of successful transitions from foster care to adulthood. https://assets.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecf-futuresavings-2019.pdf

    Treskon, L., Wasserman, K., & Ho, V. (2019). Lessons on adapting interventions for young people experiencing homelessness or systems involvement. https://americorps.gov/sites/default/files/evidenceexchange/LEAP_Final_Report_2019_3p0_FINAL_508reduced_1.pdf

    Tucker, L. P., Hanson, D., Pergamit, M., Norwitt, J., & Gedo, S. (2023). Foster Care, Postsecondary Education, and Financial Aid in California. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/foster-care-postsecondary-education-and-financial-aid-california

    U.S. Accountability Office. (2016). Higher Education: Actions needed to improve access to federal finance assistance for homeless and foster youth. (GAO-16-343). https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-343

    U.S. Department of Education. (2016). Foster care transition toolkit. https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/foster-care/youth-transition-toolkit.pdf

    Wiegmann, W., Putnam-Hornstein, E., Barrat, V. X., Magruder, J., & Needell, B. (2014). The Invisible Achievement Gap Part 2: How the Foster Care Experiences of California Public School Students Are Associated with Their Education Outcomes. Stuart Foundation. https://stuartfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/IAGpart2.pdf

    Wilson, L. C., Maxwell, J., Puglisi, M., Wondra, D., & Busque, M-C. (2024). Destination graduation: investing in the educational attainment of California’s youth in foster care. https://tfypc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Destination-Graduation-Executive-Summary.pdf

  • Other Resources
  • Training and Certifications